In recent years, Nepal has taken a more proactive approach to regulating digital platforms, often in response to growing public concerns over online safety, misinformation, and national security. One prominent example is the ban on TikTok, which was enforced on November 13, 2023, by the Government of Nepal, citing multiple reasons. Authorities justified the ban by pointing to TikTok’s alleged role in the disruption of social harmony, a noticeable surge in cybercrimes, growing mental health concerns, lapses in content moderation, and the platform's failure to comply with evolving legal and regulatory frameworks. At the time, policymakers emphasized that unchecked content and algorithmic amplification of harmful or divisive posts were fueling societal unrest, especially among the youth.

Interestingly, this ban was lifted in August 2024, signaling a major shift in the government's stance. The sudden reversal raised eyebrows, with many questioning what had changed within such a short period. Official statements claimed that TikTok had agreed to certain undisclosed terms set by the government, suggesting behind-the-scenes negotiations. The tone of these communications implied that all previously cited concerns—social disruption, cybercrime, mental health, and legal noncompliance—had been resolved or adequately addressed. However, the lack of transparency about the specific terms TikTok agreed to leaves room for speculation. Did TikTok commit to opening a local office in Nepal, increasing moderation efforts for Nepali content, or enabling government access for monitoring and regulatory oversight? Without public disclosure, such questions remain unanswered.

This situation has set a precedent that draws attention to other platforms operating in Nepal under growing scrutiny. Telegram, for instance, is now facing the same kind of allegations previously leveled at TikTok. The Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) recently directed internet and telecom service providers to block access to several apps, including Telegram, citing their alleged involvement in online fraud, money laundering, and investment scams. While Telegram is globally known for its end-to-end encryption and privacy-first stance, critics argue that this very feature also makes it an attractive tool for illicit activities. As such, its ban or restriction in Nepal may be less about social disruption and more about controlling misuse in the name of national and economic security.

Given how quickly TikTok transitioned from being banned to re-approved, there’s growing speculation that Telegram might undergo a similar process. If Telegram enters into negotiations with Nepali authorities, agrees to certain conditions—such as better cooperation in investigating cybercrimes or filtering suspicious activity—it could likewise be reinstated. This evolving dynamic raises important questions about digital rights, state surveillance, and the balance between freedom of expression and national regulation. In the absence of clear policy frameworks and public accountability, the cycle of banning and unbanning platforms may continue, shaped more by political expediency than by consistent legal standards. For now, the TikTok case stands as both a cautionary tale and a blueprint for how digital platforms might navigate Nepal’s tightening digital governance landscape.